Literature data indicate that mean platelet volume (MPV) can provide important information on the course and prognosis in many pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile systemic lupus erythematous, diabetes mellitus, and the majority of neoplastic diseases (Tables 1 and 2). Thus, they initiate fibrosis and inflammatory processes. Blood platelets are the first to accumulate at the site of damage, where they change in shape and show formation of pseudopodia, local release of cytoplasmic granular content, and aggregation, when activated by classical agonists, such as ADP, TXA2, PAF, and inflammatory cytokines, e.g., IL-1, IL-6, and TNF alpha. Recent studies have provided abundant evidence for their multifunctional nature. They are involved first of all in the processes of fibrosis and maintenance of normal hemostasis. Thrombocytes are the smallest and yet extremely reactive blood morphotic components. Nevertheless, this aspect of MPV evaluation allowing its use in clinical practice is limited and requires further studies. Therefore, from the clinical point of view, it would be interesting to establish an MPV cut-off value indicating the intensity of inflammatory process, presence of the disease, increased risk of disease development, increased risk of thrombotic complications, increased risk of death, and patient’s response on applied treatment. The study of MPV can provide important information on the course and prognosis in many inflammatory conditions. Decreased MPV was noted in tuberculosis during disease exacerbation, ulcerative colitis, SLE in adult, and different neoplastic diseases. Increased MPV was observed in cardiovascular diseases, cerebral stroke, respiratory diseases, chronic renal failure, intestine diseases, rheumatoid diseases, diabetes, and various cancers. Preference was given to the sources which were published within the past 20 years.
PubMed database was searched for sources using the following keywords: platelet activation, platelet count, mean platelet volume and: inflammation, cancer/tumor, cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, diabetes, lupus disease, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, ulcerative colitis, renal disease, pulmonary disease, influencing factors, age, gender, genetic factors, oral contraceptives, smoking, lifestyle, methods, standardization, and hematological analyzer. The aim is a review of literature reports concerning changes in the mean platelet volume (MPV) and its possible role as a biomarker in inflammatory processes and neoplastic diseases. It is associated with a variety of prothrombotic and proinflammatory diseases. Platelet size has been demonstrated to reflect platelet activity and seems to be a useful predictive and prognostic biomarker of cardiovascular events.
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